Because the city of Argos was constantly growing the small Church of St. Nicholas no longer served the needs of the people and it was outside the center of the city. The people of Argos therefore decided to establish a large and luxurious church in a central point of the city. The foundation of the Cathedral of St. Peter was laid in July1859. The ceremony was attended by King Otto, the first king of independent Greece.
The inauguration of the church took place on April 18, 1865.