Paris is the capital and largest city of France, with over 2 million inhabitants and more than 13 million in the greater metropolitan area.

The cathedral had been erected between 1163 and 1250. Then the transepts seemed old fashioned and got rebuilt. This was finally done in 1363.
This facade had been completed in 1225, the towers and the rose window in 1250. At that time Saint Denis was already 60 years old - elegant Laon about 10 years.
In 1793 the cathedral was dedicated to the Cult of Reason, later to the Cult of the Supreme Being, before is was just used as a warehouse for the storage of food.

On 15 April 2019, a structural fire broke out in the roof space of Notre-Dame. The fire destroyed the cathedral's wooden spire and most of the wooden roof and severely damaged the cathedral's upper walls. The vaulted stone ceiling largely contained the burning roof as it collapsed, preventing extensive damage to the interior.

The cathedral was then closed immediately. Two days after the blaze, President of France Emmanuel Macron set a five-year deadline to restore it. By September 2021, donors had contributed over €840 million to the rebuilding effort. Notre Dame reopened in December 2024, but the work is not completely finished..