After wrestling territory from Poland, fighting a long inconclusive war with Russia, and establishing an alliance with Louis XIV of France, the Turks turned again on Austria. A huge Turkish army surrounded Vienna and laid siege to it in 1683. But after holding out against great odds for two months, the city was relieved by a mixed force of Habsburg, Saxon, Bavarian, and Polish troops, and the Ottoman were forced to retreat. Soon the retreat became a route. As their Russian and Venetian allied attacked on other fronts, the Habsburgs conquered all of Hungary and Transylvania (part of present day Rumania) by 1699