European Roller (Coracias garrulus) – Biological Description

The European Roller is a medium-sized, brightly colored bird known for its vivid blue and turquoise plumage, contrasting with chestnut-brown wings and a black bill. In flight, its broad wings show striking blue and black patterns. Juveniles appear duller than adults.

Habitat and Distribution:
The European Roller breeds in southern and eastern Europe and parts of western Asia. Its range includes countries such as Spain, France, Italy, Hungary, Romania, Greece, Turkey, and Ukraine. It inhabits open landscapes like grasslands, farmland, steppes, and sparsely wooded areas. During winter, it migrates to sub-Saharan Africa.

Population:
The global population is estimated at approximately 150,000–300,000 individuals and is currently declining due to habitat loss and reduced insect availability.

Size and Weight:
Length: 29–32 cm
Wingspan: 52–58 cm
Weight: 120–180 g

Lifespan:
Up to 10–12 years in the wild.

Diet:
In summer, it mainly feeds on insects such as beetles, grasshoppers, crickets, and caterpillars. In wintering areas, it also eats small reptiles, amphibians, and occasionally small rodents.

Reproduction:
The European Roller breeds once per year. It lays 4–6 eggs per clutch. Both parents care for the chicks, which fledge after about 26–30 days.

Nest:
Nests are placed in natural tree cavities, holes in cliffs, or nest boxes, usually without added nesting material.