A Red squirrel, lost in thought, contemplates the nature of nuts.

Biological Description of the Red Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)

The red squirrel is a small tree-dwelling rodent known for its reddish-brown fur, white or cream-colored belly, and long, bushy tail. Its coat color varies seasonally, becoming darker and thicker in winter. A distinctive feature is the tufted ears, especially visible during colder months. The tail is used for balance and warmth.

Habitat and Distribution:
Red squirrels inhabit coniferous, mixed, and deciduous forests. They are native to Europe and northern Asia, ranging from the British Isles and Scandinavia across Russia to parts of China and Mongolia. They prefer woodland areas with abundant trees for food and nesting.

Population:
Globally, the species is classified as Least Concern, but populations are declining in some regions (e.g. the UK) due to habitat loss and competition with the invasive grey squirrel.

Size and Weight:
Body length: 18–24 cm (tail: 15–20 cm)
Weight: 250–350 g

Lifespan:
Typically 3–6 years in the wild, though some individuals can reach up to 10 years.

Diet:
In summer, red squirrels eat seeds, nuts, berries, fruits, buds, fungi, and occasionally insects or bird eggs.
In winter, they rely mainly on stored food (cones, nuts, seeds) hidden in caches.

Reproduction:
Red squirrels usually breed 1–2 times per year, in late winter and/or summer.
Gestation lasts about 38 days.

Offspring:
A litter contains 2–5 young, born blind and hairless. They are weaned after 8–10 weeks.

Nest:
Nests, called dreys, are built high in trees from twigs, leaves, moss, and bark, often placed in tree forks or cavities.